Debian 网卡配置

最近也慢慢的从 Centos 转到 Debian，两者的系统网卡配置文件有很大的区别，故记录一下，防止自己搞错（草）

系统环境 : Debian 11

网卡配置文件 : /etc/network/interfaces

静态网卡配置

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto [Interface Name]
iface [Interface Name] inet static
        address [Your IPv4 addr]
        gateway [Your IPv4 GW]
        dns-nameservers [DNS Server 1],[DNS Server 2]
iface [Interface Name] inet6 static
        address [Your IPv6 addr]
        gateway [Your IPv6 GW]
        dns-nameservers [DNS Server 1],[DNS Server 2]

iface [Interface Name] inet dhcp #网卡DHCP的配置

其中 auto 也可以替换成 allow-hotplug ，这两者的区别在于

如果设置的是auto，不管你插不插网线，网卡都会启用，而且运行systemctl restart networking.service 之后网卡能自动启动

如果设置的是allow-hotplug，它会在开机时启动插网线的网卡，运行 systemctl restart networking.service 之后网卡不能自动重启

网关，DNS其实都是可选项，没有就不填了（适用于IXP interface）

address 项 可以写 10.0.0.1/24 ，也可以只写 10.0.0.1 ，那就需要再加一项 netmask 255.255.255.0 (/24) ， IPv6 同理 /48 = netmask 48

新建网卡/隧道配置

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth10
iface eth10 inet6 static
    address [Your IPv6 addr]
# --- BEGIN PVE ---
    post-up ip route add [Your IPv6 addr] dev eth10
    post-up ip route add [Your IPv6 addr] dev eth10
    pre-down ip route del default via [Your IPv6 addr] dev eth10
    pre-down ip route del [Your IPv6 addr] dev eth10
# --- END PVE ---
    post-up ip route del default via [Your IPv6 addr] dev eth10
    post-up ip route add default via [Your IPv6 addr] dev eth10 metric 1
    post-up ip -6 rule add priority 100 from [Your IPv6 addr] table 254
    post-up ip -6 rule add priority 199 from all table 101
    pre-down ip -6 rule del priority 100
    pre-down ip -6 rule del priority 199

iface tpl-dummy inet manual
    pre-up    ip link add $IFACE type dummy
    post-down ip link del $IFACE
    up        ip link set $IFACE up
    down      ip link set $IFACE down

iface tpl-ip6gre inet manual
    pre-up    ip link add $IFACE type ip6gre
    post-down ip link del $IFACE
    up        ip link set $IFACE up mtu 1456
    down      ip link set $IFACE down

auto [Test 1]
iface [Test 1] inet manual inherits tpl-dummy
    up        ip addr add dev $IFACE [Your IPv6 addr]

auto [Test 2]
iface [Test 2] inet tunnel
    requires eth10
    mode ip6gre
    address [Your IPv6 addr]
    netmask 112
    endpoint [Your IPv6 addr]
    local [Your IPv6 addr]
    #pre-up modprobe ip6_gre
    pre-up ip -6 route add [Your IPv6 addr] via [Your IPv6 addr] dev eth10 || true
    ttl 255
    mtu 1448